phylogenetic trees - 2024 PACE NSC

Question

The structure of these diagrams is inferred by the MrBayes and MEGA (“mega”) software packages. Coalescent theory interprets these diagrams backwards-in-time to figure out when a random variable diverged. These diagrams are constructed from binary (20[1])character tables (20[1])by assigning syn·apo·morphies to an in·group (20[1])in systematics. Linus Pauling (20[1])proposed calibrating these diagrams by aligning (*) genes like cyto·chrome (10[1])C, which (10[1])are so essential (10[1])that their sequences mutate like clockwork. (10[1])On these diagrams, (10[1])the principle of parsimony dictates that members of a clade (10[2])which have a homologous structure (10[1])also (10[2])probably shared a common ancestor. (10[3])For 10 points, (10[1])name these diagrams that illustrate evolutionary history using branches and roots. (10[1])■END■ (10[11])

ANSWER: phylogenetic trees [or phylogeny or phylogenies; accept evolutionary trees before “evolutionary” is read; accept cladogram or dendrogram or chronogram; prompt on trees; prompt on tree(s) of life; prompt on networks or Bayesian networks or Bayes nets]

= Average correct buzz position

Back to tossups

Buzzes

Player	Team	Opponent	Buzz Position	Value
Matthew Wozniak	Freeman	Elkhorn North	33	20
Max Chen	Strake Jesuit	Maggie Walker A	35	20
Ali Hamzeh	Kinkaid	St. Mark's	41	20
Andrew Zhao	Richard Montgomery A	Georgetown Day	45	20
Jonathan Ouyang	University Lab	Lambert	54	10
Fern Fang	McLean A	Detroit Catholic Central A	56	10
Rohan Kher	Barrington	Canyon Crest	59	10
Aryan Desarapu	Beavercreek	Walter Payton A	65	10
Matthew Kohn	Hunter A	Belmont	68	10
Shaun Iyer	Innovation Academy B	Owensboro	78	10
Kevin Peng	Winston Churchill A	Northmont A	78	10
Joshua Studee	Walter Payton B	Lindbergh	83	10
Alex Zhang	DuPage County AT	William Fremd	84	10
Jonathan Tao	Stevenson B	James W. Robinson	84	10
Benny Feldman	Hastings	Hoover A	89	10
Owen Gibbs	Heights	Johns Creek B	89	10
Danial Pitafi	Carbondale	Hoover B	89	10
Andrea Schirano	Bloomington	Maggie Walker C	92	10
Arav Kaushik	Livingston B	Livingston A	103	10
Kevin Yang	Stevenson A	Choate Rosemary Hall	104	10
Benjamin Towne	Detroit Catholic Central B	Cincinnati Hills	104	10
Spencer Thomas	Durham AT	Saint Joseph	104	10
Jaden Bandy	Richard Montgomery B	Northmont B	104	10
Aaron Lin	McLean B	Okemos	104	10
Keerthana Krishnan	Seven Lakes	Downingtown STEM	104	10
Brandon Torres	Carl Sandburg	St. Xavier	104	10
Deven Hagen	Thomas Jefferson A	Innovation Academy A	104	10
Brady Laughlin	West Point	Thomas Jefferson B	104	10
Aarushi Kanigicherla	Thomas Jefferson C	Winston Churchill B	104	10
Sophia Guo	Thomas Jefferson D	Johns Creek A	104	10

Summary

Tournament	Edition	Exact Match?	TUH	Conv. %	Power %	Neg %	Average Buzz
2024 PACE NSC	06/08/2024	Y	30	100%	13%	0%	82.30